Wildhaber, M.L., DeLonay, A.., Papoulias, D.M., Galat, D.L., Jacobson, R.B., Simpkins, D.H., Braaten, P.J., Korschgen, C.E., Mac, M.J. 2007.
A conceptual life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeon.
US Geological Survey Circular 1315; 18 pages. ISBN 978-1-4113-1905-9

Abstract
In the model presented, human activities at the process level that afect survival, growth, and development are considered critical determinants of successful transition between all kife stages, whereas non-human predation is not considered critical once the fish has reached the juvenile stage. For the human activities identified, entrainment is considered a critical determinant of successful transition between life stages once the fish has reached the larval stage, whereas fishing is considered critical only after the fish has reached the juvenile stage. For rate-affecting processes identified as critical for survival, growth, and development, habitat is consdered a critical determinant of successful transition between all life stages, whereas contaminants and disease are considered critical to all life stage transitions except from spawning adults with viable gametes to developing embryos. Prey availability and competition for food are considered critical once the fish reach the free embryo stage.

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